ENVIRONMENT IS OUR GOAL!!!CLEAN AIR!!!HELP!!!
Emissions from Boilers and Furnaces - Never More
Hydro - Oil Emulsion Burning Process
11th WORLD CLEAN AIR AND ENVIRONMENT CONGRESS - DURBAN - 9 / 98
1 INTRODUCTION
The present papers refers to a process for burning an emulsion of water and fuel oil, with a high heat generating yield , including the procedures to obtain this emulsion, under adequate conditions for the purposed burning process, with the following benefits:
a) Saving over 20% in oil for the same energy output required.
b) Proportional reduction of emissions, due to the reduction in consumption. 20% less CO2.
c) Allows heavier fuel oils to be employed with significantly lower costs, with no polluting problems.
d) Significant reduction in particulate emissions, thus eliminating the need for installation of sleeves or electrostatic filters or spray towers.
e) Cleaner heat exchange surfaces, implying in increased efficiency.
f) Using direct flame over any product, as in metal processes, there will be no polluting transfer.
g) Full burning without excess "AIR", being practically in stoichiometrical conditions, in this manner, allowing a reduction of polluting agents such as nitrogen oxides "NOX" and vanadium oxides to levels permitted by the Environmental Control Agencies.
h) Reduction of carbon monoxide to ZERO level.
i) Reduction of SO3 to minimum levels, forming only SO2.
j) Lower corrosion rate from ash and metallic slag, thus boiler maintenance need is less often.
k) Reduction in steam consumption for the soot blowers and for atomizer.
2 THE PROCESS
This Combustion System consists basically in the preparation of an HYDRO - OIL emulsion, prepared from any type of fuel oil, its storage and transportation up to the burners, where combustion is processed in a sequence we will now call reduction - oxidation.
The successful burning of these emulsions is based on the phenomenon of MICRO - EXPLOSION, of very high intensity which causes a series of reduction - oxidation chain reactions, that substantially alter the traditional combustion parameters, allowing a significant saving of fuel.
3 - PREPARING THE EMULSIONS
The emulsions consists in a mixture of 35% of water in 65% of combustible oil.
To prepare it, it is necessary an installation , according to the simplified fluxogram shown in drawing n.1., using any combustible oil available in the market.
From a tank reservoir with combustible oil, maintained at a temperature depending on the viscosity of the oil used, the oil is transferred to a dosage tank, provided with automatic level control and automatic temperature control. Nearby, there is a dosage tank reservoir with clean water, provided with automatic level control.
By means of special pumps, the dosage tanks supply the mixing tank, in quantities and temperatures pre established were, with special technology, the emulsions are prepared and next delivered to a provisional tank. From this tank, the burners will be fed through special pumps.
A special project must be developed for the different circumstance , so that the pressurized and heated emulsion will reach the burners, all automatically.
The emulsion consists of a mixture of water droplets of around 1 to 10 microns, uniformly dispersed in the fuel oil.
4 - THE BURNING PHENOMENON
The emulsion is conducted to the burner nozzle, in a temperature between a maximum value , corresponding to that of a saturated steam pressure mandatorily lower than the emulsion conducting pressure, and a minimum value corresponding to the minimum sensible heat stored, capable of vaporizing a minimum quantity of water under an abrupt pressure drop condition, by pulverization at the burner nozzle, the pressure of conduction of the emulsion being maintained within the operating values required by the burner.
Spraying the emulsion through the burner, in uniform particles of around 20 to 150 microns, each particle comprising plurality of water droplets in the emulsion, surrounded by a film of oil, a sudden depressurization occurs, sufficient to cause the instantaneous vaporization ( flashing ) of part of the water droplets and the consequent disintegration of the particles of the pulverized emulsion, in an environment sufficiently poor of air in order to avoid direct formation of carbon dioxide ( CO2) and to convey the following reactions:
a- partial combustion of the fuel oil with part of the oxygen available in the pulverization environment, forming carbon monoxide ( CO ) and releasing heat;
b- reduction of water vaporized during the abrupt depressurization of the emulsion, by means of a stoichiometric amount of part of the referred carbon monoxide ( CO ) , forming carbon dioxide ( CO2 ), and hydrogen ( H ) and releasing heat ;
c- oxidation of hydrogen ( H ) from reaction - b - , with the remaining oxygen available in the pulverization environment, forming hyper-heated water steam at burner flame temperature;
d- vaporization of water , remaining in the droplets, by the heat produced in reactions -a- and -b-;e- reduction of water vaporized in reaction -d -, by the carbon monoxide ( CO ) remaining from step-a- , through chain reactions identical to reactions -b- and -c-, so as to provoke the total combustion ( burning) of the oil.
f- In consequence of the abrupt depressurization of the emulsion, occurs also the phenomenon of micro explosion of very high intensity, in a flame condition of high pressure and very highly vibratory conditions , which causes the series of reduction-oxidation chain reactions consume less energy that is required in normally burning combustible oil, saving over 20% of fuel in this burning emulsion process, as already stated in some installations.
5- SUMMARY
A- The innovation presented, translates into a process of burning a hydro-oily emulsion of fuel oil and water, including the required procedures for obtaining the specified emulsion, which incorporates a high quantity of water which presents an increased heat value, by participating chemically of highly exothermal reactions and contributes, therefore , positively to the heat balance of all the stage of the process, providing the user, consumption reductions of over 20% in fuel oil;
B- In consequence of the above, there is a reduction over 20% in all kind of emissions , in using this process, substantially more than the reduction suggested at the Kyoto summit
C- Based on the micro pulverization of fuel, and the high temperature of this burning process, practically the entire solid particulate material residues are eliminated, that is, the burning is practically complete and perfect, thus reducing to a minimum, stoppages and expenses with maintenance such as nozzle cleaning, filters, and others, and preserving the environment.
D- This process is perfect using fuel oil of any viscosity, so , from the above, one can use heavy oils with substantially cost reduction, with no environmental problems.
Installation operating without this process, particulate tests showed 1.047,8124 mg/Nm3.
With this process, tests showed 62,8337 mg/Nm3.
E- This process is special for Thermoelectric Power Stations, Oil Refineries, and many other Industrial facilities.
The End
Hydro - Oil Emulsion Burning Process
11th WORLD CLEAN AIR AND ENVIRONMENT CONGRESS - DURBAN - 9 / 98
1 INTRODUCTION
The present papers refers to a process for burning an emulsion of water and fuel oil, with a high heat generating yield , including the procedures to obtain this emulsion, under adequate conditions for the purposed burning process, with the following benefits:
a) Saving over 20% in oil for the same energy output required.
b) Proportional reduction of emissions, due to the reduction in consumption. 20% less CO2.
c) Allows heavier fuel oils to be employed with significantly lower costs, with no polluting problems.
d) Significant reduction in particulate emissions, thus eliminating the need for installation of sleeves or electrostatic filters or spray towers.
e) Cleaner heat exchange surfaces, implying in increased efficiency.
f) Using direct flame over any product, as in metal processes, there will be no polluting transfer.
g) Full burning without excess "AIR", being practically in stoichiometrical conditions, in this manner, allowing a reduction of polluting agents such as nitrogen oxides "NOX" and vanadium oxides to levels permitted by the Environmental Control Agencies.
h) Reduction of carbon monoxide to ZERO level.
i) Reduction of SO3 to minimum levels, forming only SO2.
j) Lower corrosion rate from ash and metallic slag, thus boiler maintenance need is less often.
k) Reduction in steam consumption for the soot blowers and for atomizer.
2 THE PROCESS
This Combustion System consists basically in the preparation of an HYDRO - OIL emulsion, prepared from any type of fuel oil, its storage and transportation up to the burners, where combustion is processed in a sequence we will now call reduction - oxidation.
The successful burning of these emulsions is based on the phenomenon of MICRO - EXPLOSION, of very high intensity which causes a series of reduction - oxidation chain reactions, that substantially alter the traditional combustion parameters, allowing a significant saving of fuel.
3 - PREPARING THE EMULSIONS
The emulsions consists in a mixture of 35% of water in 65% of combustible oil.
To prepare it, it is necessary an installation , according to the simplified fluxogram shown in drawing n.1., using any combustible oil available in the market.
From a tank reservoir with combustible oil, maintained at a temperature depending on the viscosity of the oil used, the oil is transferred to a dosage tank, provided with automatic level control and automatic temperature control. Nearby, there is a dosage tank reservoir with clean water, provided with automatic level control.
By means of special pumps, the dosage tanks supply the mixing tank, in quantities and temperatures pre established were, with special technology, the emulsions are prepared and next delivered to a provisional tank. From this tank, the burners will be fed through special pumps.
A special project must be developed for the different circumstance , so that the pressurized and heated emulsion will reach the burners, all automatically.
The emulsion consists of a mixture of water droplets of around 1 to 10 microns, uniformly dispersed in the fuel oil.
4 - THE BURNING PHENOMENON
The emulsion is conducted to the burner nozzle, in a temperature between a maximum value , corresponding to that of a saturated steam pressure mandatorily lower than the emulsion conducting pressure, and a minimum value corresponding to the minimum sensible heat stored, capable of vaporizing a minimum quantity of water under an abrupt pressure drop condition, by pulverization at the burner nozzle, the pressure of conduction of the emulsion being maintained within the operating values required by the burner.
Spraying the emulsion through the burner, in uniform particles of around 20 to 150 microns, each particle comprising plurality of water droplets in the emulsion, surrounded by a film of oil, a sudden depressurization occurs, sufficient to cause the instantaneous vaporization ( flashing ) of part of the water droplets and the consequent disintegration of the particles of the pulverized emulsion, in an environment sufficiently poor of air in order to avoid direct formation of carbon dioxide ( CO2) and to convey the following reactions:
a- partial combustion of the fuel oil with part of the oxygen available in the pulverization environment, forming carbon monoxide ( CO ) and releasing heat;
b- reduction of water vaporized during the abrupt depressurization of the emulsion, by means of a stoichiometric amount of part of the referred carbon monoxide ( CO ) , forming carbon dioxide ( CO2 ), and hydrogen ( H ) and releasing heat ;
c- oxidation of hydrogen ( H ) from reaction - b - , with the remaining oxygen available in the pulverization environment, forming hyper-heated water steam at burner flame temperature;
d- vaporization of water , remaining in the droplets, by the heat produced in reactions -a- and -b-;e- reduction of water vaporized in reaction -d -, by the carbon monoxide ( CO ) remaining from step-a- , through chain reactions identical to reactions -b- and -c-, so as to provoke the total combustion ( burning) of the oil.
f- In consequence of the abrupt depressurization of the emulsion, occurs also the phenomenon of micro explosion of very high intensity, in a flame condition of high pressure and very highly vibratory conditions , which causes the series of reduction-oxidation chain reactions consume less energy that is required in normally burning combustible oil, saving over 20% of fuel in this burning emulsion process, as already stated in some installations.
5- SUMMARY
A- The innovation presented, translates into a process of burning a hydro-oily emulsion of fuel oil and water, including the required procedures for obtaining the specified emulsion, which incorporates a high quantity of water which presents an increased heat value, by participating chemically of highly exothermal reactions and contributes, therefore , positively to the heat balance of all the stage of the process, providing the user, consumption reductions of over 20% in fuel oil;
B- In consequence of the above, there is a reduction over 20% in all kind of emissions , in using this process, substantially more than the reduction suggested at the Kyoto summit
C- Based on the micro pulverization of fuel, and the high temperature of this burning process, practically the entire solid particulate material residues are eliminated, that is, the burning is practically complete and perfect, thus reducing to a minimum, stoppages and expenses with maintenance such as nozzle cleaning, filters, and others, and preserving the environment.
D- This process is perfect using fuel oil of any viscosity, so , from the above, one can use heavy oils with substantially cost reduction, with no environmental problems.
Installation operating without this process, particulate tests showed 1.047,8124 mg/Nm3.
With this process, tests showed 62,8337 mg/Nm3.
E- This process is special for Thermoelectric Power Stations, Oil Refineries, and many other Industrial facilities.
The End
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